Histological study of cartilaginous cells in the body of penis in one-humped camel [Camelus dromedaries]

Several investigations showed cartilaginous cells in fibrous tissue of the free part of the penis in one humped camel. The aim of this study was accurate assessment of existence of cartilaginous cells in penis shaft of one-humped camel. Six camel penises from matured camels more than 3 years-old were collected from an abattoir. Different specimens were prepared from each penis and kept in 10% formalin container for fixation. After passing different stages of histotechnique methods, several slides were prepared from each specimen, stained with Haematoxylin Eosin and studied. Results showed that the majority of cartilaginous cells were inside the collagen fibers of tunica albuginea and around corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum of penis and their distributions were dissimilar in different parts of the penis shaft. This survey further showed that in penis shaft length, the majority of cartilaginous cells were inside tunica albuginea, which is surrounded by corpus spongiosum and particularly, the ventral surface of urethra. The number of cartilaginous cells decreased gradually from distal extremity towards the proximal extremity of the body of the penis and increased gradually from external layer of tunica albuginea towards the internal layer of tunica albuginea and centre of corpus cavernosum penis. Existence of cartilaginous cells inside the leaf tissue of the penis was seen with aging and puberty

[Anatomic and radiographic study of coronary arteries in caspian miniature horses]

The Caspian miniature horse is one of the rarest small horse breeds in Iran. It is an Iranian breed with a small conformation compared to other breeds. In this study, the coronary arteries of six Caspian miniature horses older than two years were studied. The origin, distribution and possible anastomoses of their branches were noticed. Three excised hearts were convoluted and injected with rodopas resin to obtain arterial casts. The other three hearts were injected with gelatin choromopaque and were subsequently radiographed. The injected hearts and casts were carefully dissected and photographed. This study showed that the pattern of distribution of coronary arteries is almost similar to that of ordinary horses. No anastomoses were observed between branches of the left and right coronary arteries

[Study on extrapelvic urethral glands in distal extremity of penis in Iranian one-humped camel [Camelus dromedarius]]

Accessory genital glands prostate, bulbourethral and pelvic urethral glands are a part of male camel genital system. The aim of the present study was to extend the literature on the urogenitol system in male Camelus dromedarius. Five histological specimens from five camels were collected and fixed in 10% formalin solution. Routine histological procedures were done on penile specimens of distal extremity, sectioned at 6 microns, stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin and studied via light microscope. We have shown that urethral glands present in both pelvic urethra and the wall of distal extremity of penile urethra in the neck of camel's penis. In this respect we found two massive glands of penile urethra. One mass was smaller and located on the lateral aspect of the urethra adjuscent to the corpus cavernosum. It was located on the dorsal surface of the urethra prior to inclination of the urethra to the left side. The other mass was greater and adhered to the ventral surface of the urethra. It was situated on the dorsolateral aspect of the urethra prior to inclination of the urethra to the left side. The round, elliptical and long sections of these massive glands were consist of high cuboidal or columnar cell layer. These cells had a round basic nucleus and white color cytoplasm. These tubular glands may be able to secret serous substances

[Developmental study of the cervicothoracic [stellate] ganglion in ovine fetus]

Sheep as an experimental animal has been used in many veterinary researches. The developmental study of the ovine cervicothoracic ganglion in the fetal stages will reveal the anatomy of the sympathetic nervous system in the adult sheep and morphological and morphometrical relation between this ganglion and surrounding structures. The aim of this research was to follow morphological and morphometrical development of cervicothoracic ganglion in sheep during fetal stages and its relation to the body sides and sex. This study was performed on 18 ovine fetuses. The approximate age of fetnses were 11 to 16 weeks and were divided in 3 groups. Coalescence of the caudal cervical ganglion and few primary ganglia of the thoracic part of sympathetic trunk were morphologically studied. In Morphometrical studies, the length and width of the ganglia were measured. The results were statistically analyzed using 1-way ANOVA. The caudal cervical and first thoracic ganglia were the most frequent cervicothoracic ganglion. Variations in the length and width of ganglia between 11 to 16 weeks were not significant [p > 0.05], but with increasing of age interval become significant [p < 0.05]. There were not any correlation between length of ganglia and side of body and sex [p> 0.05]. The results of this study can be useful for evaluation of developmental and cell changes in neuropeptides of the sympathetic ganglia especially cervicothoracic ganglion

Anatomical study on branches of external carotid artery in one humped camel [camelus dromedarius] and comparing it with ruminants and equine

The branches of external carotid artery were dissected and studied in six one humped camels.These specimens were preparated from slaughterhouse and fixed in10% formaline. The common carotid artery in one humped camel is divided into three branches, including, occipital artery, internal carotid artery and external carotid artery which in this respect it was similar to that of equine. External carotid artery was the main branch of common carotid artery. Lingual artery in one humped camel was similar to that of the small ruminants and separated from external carotid artery. External carotid artery under the temporomandibular joint was divided into two branches ; the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries. In one humped camel similar to that of the small ruminants, transverse facial artery was separated from the superficial temporal artery and was the major source of blood supply to the facial region. Direction and the course of this artery in camal was slightly different from that of the small ruminants. Maxillary artery had an extraosseous position in one humped camel. There was only one rete branch in camel,similar to rostral rete branches of the ruminants. The branch entered through the orbitorotundum foramen to form extradural rete mirabile

case report of left thoracic duct in a donkey

Thoracic duct is a duct that drains the lymph from the cisterna chily into the venous angle of the cranial vena vava. Thoracic duct in the horse is situated on the right side, but in rare cases the left thoracic duct has been reported. In this report the course and left position of the thoracic duct in an embalmed donkey is described. Regarding many anatomical similarities between horse and donkey it seems that the existence of left thoracic duct in donkey should be considered as a rare condition

case report of vertebral variation in caspian miniature horse

Seven Caspian miniature horses, aged above two years, were used for this study. The skeleton of these horses were cleaned and prepared using appropriate techniques. The vertebral column was studied and photographed. The vertebral column in one of these horses showed variations in thoracic, lumbar and sacral region. The vertebral formola was C[7], T[19],L[5],S[6] and a pair of 19[th] rib was fused with the last thoracic vertebra. There are no reports regarding variation in vertebral column of the miniature horse. Like the other equine, the vertebral column of the Caspian miniature horse may show some variation regarding the number of vertebrae in different region of vertebral column

Anatomical study of thoracic duct in Caspian miniature horse

Location and course of thoracic duct in thethorax of Caspian miniature horse. Descriptive study. Three Caspian miniature horses, above twoyears old, were used for this study. Horses were embalmedafter euthanasia by exsangunation.Thorax was dissected oneither sides and different structures including thoracic ductwere determined, painted and photographed. The courseand relation of the thoracic duct to adjacent structures werestudied. In two miniature horses, the duct was situated onthe right side, passed cranially and opened in cranial venacava at the venous angle. In one horse the duct was on theleft side on its entire course. The anatomical position, relation and courseof the thoracic duct in two miniature horses which was onthe right side was similar to ordinary horse. However inone horse the duct was totally situated on the left. Thiscondition is very rare and uncommon in horses